Ireland's Military Story

Tag: Second World War

  • United States Army and Navy Veteran – John Casey

    United States Army and Navy Veteran – John Casey

    United States Army and Navy Veteran – John Casey

    First published 27 October 2018

    Thank you to Michael Noone for the article and updated report on John.

    To mark United States Navy Day we would like to share the story of Irish American John Casey. A remarkable man with a remarkable story. John is one of the unknown tens of thousands of Irish Americans who have served in the United States military. In John’s case he served in both the U.S. Army and Navy. We are lucky to have John’s story as he has spent most of his life in Ireland, and is currently living in Roscommon.

    US Army and Navy veteran John Casey was born on the 3 August 1926 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, of Irish parents, James P. Casey and Mary F. O’Brien, who had emigrated to the Boston area sometime around the beginning of 1900. John had one brother, James, who was two-years older. Their father enlisted in the Army and served during the Great War. Still suffering from a gas inhaled during the war, he died in the mid-1930s and their mother took the two boys back to her family outside Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland until such time when they could return to the U.S. and the boys could take jobs.

    Their plans were interrupted by Germany’s Hitler when he declared war on Poland and World War II began in September 1939. All transatlantic passenger ship traffic came to a halt and the Casey family was stuck in Ireland. Ireland remained neutral and the family were informed by the U.S. Consulate in Dublin to wait and see if the U.S. could guarantee safe passage to the U.S. Germany did allow one passenger ship from Europe to the U.S., but that one ship was full of US citizens from mainland Europe only. In 1942 John’s brother James turned 18, which meant he was eligible to enlist. He joined the U.S. army in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He volunteered as a member of the first American Ranger Battalion, who were trained by the British Commandoes. The unit made history in North Africa, Sicily and the Anzio Beachhead in Italy where he was captured and became a POW.

    Following in his brother’s footsteps, John headed for Belfast two years later and enlisted in the American Army. He was sent to England without training and then to France. John remembers well the boat across the English Channel on 7/8 May. As they approached the harbor, the sky lit up. The men sank in dread the Germans had somehow launched a new offensive. As it turned out it was celebrations to mark the unconditional surrender of German forces. In France the new recruits were trained by staff member who came ashore on D-Day. John was then sent to the Bremen Enclave in Northern Germany until he accumulated enough points to return to the U.S. for discharge. John rose to the rank of Sergeant.

    In the U.S. John worked for the Boston Gas Company. He hated the job, hated the civilian life and decided to join the U.S. Navy under a four year enlistment. No boot camp training needed as he held the pay grade of an army corporal. John was sent to the Naval Air Technical Training Command in Memphis, Tennessee where he graduated as an engine specialist and transferred to Naval Air Station Quonset Point Rode Island. His job there was to conduct a “Yellow Sheet” inspection of repaired navy planes for the test pilots; part of which included warming up the engines. While at Quonset Point the Korean War broke out. President Truman immediately tacked on an extra year to John’s enlistment. He was transferred to Alameda California as a member of Ships Company on a “Jeep” aircraft carrier, the USS Bairoko CVE 115 which was brought back into service from the mothball fleet. After getting the ship ready to join the fleet, it was transferred to San Diego, her home port. Finally, with the carrier loaded with planes, marines and equipment for the fighting war with North Korea, she sailed to her overseas “home port” Yokosuka, Japan. John was assigned to the flight deck as a “Yellow Shirt” plane director and guided many pilots to the catapults for launching. When they returned from “in country” John was the fire “Yellow Shirt” to guide the pilots back aboard…….day or night. With an end to the conflict, the Bairoko’s cruise with the 7th Fleet was over and John’s five-year enlistment was coming to an end and John was discharged from the navy.

    John took advantage of the GI Bill and spent three years at a government approved school of broadcasting, televising and movie making. He wound up working in Hollywood studios as an assistant film editor for several first run movies and many TV series. John decided to return to Ireland to take care of his mother and set up a photography studio; he is proud of photographing over 900 weddings. After his mother passed away, he met and married a Margaret Leo from Tuam, Co. Galway. Sadly, she died after 18 years from Cancer. John then moved from Athlone to Grange, Co. Roscommon. John who is now 96, is still living comfortably in a nursing home.

    We would like to thank John’s niece Kathleen Cummings and the American Legion Post IR03 ‘Commodore John Barry’ for their help in this production.

    John Casey at his home in Roscommon.
  • Operation Deadlight

    Operation Deadlight

    U-Boats Sunk off Northern Ireland in Operation Deadlight

    From November 1945 to February 1946, 116 German U-boats were scuttled off the northwest coast of Northern Ireland in Operation Deadlight.

    AP Archive footage of scenes from Operation Deadlight showing the sinking of German U-boats by RAF Coastal Command off Northern Ireland.

    During the Battle of the Atlantic the U-boat menace had plagued Allied shipping. As early as 1944 the British government had begun to draw up plans for the destruction of the German U-boat force following the end of the war. Following Allied victory in Europe, 156 U-boats surrendered either side of the Atlantic in early May 1945.

    Forty-two surrendered U-boats moored at Lisahally, Northern Ireland, 12 June 1945. (Royal Navy photograph A 29241 from Imperial War Museum)

    Of these 156 U-boats. 138 were transferred to Lisahally in Northern Ireland and Loch Ryan in Scotland to await their future.

    At the 18th Meeting of the Tripartite Naval Commission on 29 October, it was decided that all unallocated submarines were to be sunk in open seas no later than 15 February 1946.

    Of the 135 U-boats moored in Northern Ireland and Scotland, 116 were marked for destruction – 86 from Loch Ryan and 30 from Lisahally – ; while remaining 19 were divided amongst the Allied powers.

    On 31 October the Royal Navy were given orders to began the disposal of the U-boats.

    Formal orders were issued on 14 November for the scuttling in deep water off northwest of Northern Ireland of 86 U-boats from Loch Ryan and 24 from Lisahally to commence on 25 November with boats from Lock Ryan.

    The U-boats were to be unarmed and towed 130 miles to a designated position and sunk by demolition charges. Weather permitting, a number of U-boats were to be sunk by the Royal Air Force and the Fleet Air Arm, while others were to be sunk by Royal Navy submarines.

    Free Polish Navy destroyer ORP Krakowiak towing German Type XXIII U-boat U-2337 out to sea for scuttling from Lock Ryan on 28 November 1945. (Press Agency/Imperial War Museum)

    As predicted the weather in November was bad, as a result 50% of the boats foundered under tow not making it to their designated position: either sinking or having to be sunk by gunfire. Only two U-boats were sunk by demolition charges, seven by submarines and 13 by aircraft.

    The 28 of the U-Boats from Lisahally were sunk between 29 December 1945 and 9 January 1946, and the remaining two were sunk on 10 and 12 February 1946.

    British Pathé footage of Operation Deadlight.
  • International Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of VJ Day

    International Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of VJ Day

    International Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of VJ Day

    Pipers, Buglers, Trumpeters, Cornet Players, Town Criers and Churches around the world took part in the important commemoration of the 75th anniversary of Victory over Japan Day, better known as VJ Day: the day the war not only ended in the Pacific, but also the day the Second World War ended. Organised by Pagentmaster Bruno Peek LVO OBE OPR and his dedicated team, the celebrations ensured this anniversary was commemorated. The past and present veterans of VJ Days along with their families will never be forgotten, even in the difficult times the world is currently going through due to the virus affecting us all.

    Bruno Peek said: ;While we must remember and commemorate those who gave their lives or were gravely wounded during years of war, I believe VJ Day 75 is also an opportunity to celebrate the peace that came to us all at the end of the Far East campaign and of WW II.
    VJ Veterans and families have always felt they were the ‘forgotten army’ so I felt it important we let them know, and show them, that they are not and never will be forgotten,’.

    Commemorations Worldwide

    As the day dawned around the world, hundreds of Pipers will played Battle’s O’er, from safe locations of their choice. This traditional march played at the end of a battle officially started VJ Day commemorations. The first pipes sounded in New Zealand and ended 22 hours later across the Pacific on the Island of O’ahu, Hawaii. The pipes rang out on the hour as the clock strikes 06:00am local time from Nepal to Brazil and Ireland to South Africa. Aligning with national events in Australia, pipers there were asked to pipe at memorials at 09:30. Two pipers played at the highest war memorial in England, the summit of Scafell Pike. Pipers Robert R. Procter – lead piper of VJ Day 75 and Corporal Robert Cunningham, Royal Marines, with the generous support from Lakeland Mountain Guides, headed up Scafell Pike through the night to arrive at the top just before the sunrises when the time the pipes sounded across these islands.

    At 10:58am around the United Kingdom, Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and Ireland hundreds of buglers, trumpeters and cornet players played the Last Post from safe locations of their choice. This concluded with a two-minute silence at 11:00am, a wreath laying and Reveille.

    At 11:10 75 Town Criers, one for each of the 75 years since VJ Day will undertook the ‘Cry for Peace Around the World’ from safe locations of their choice in memory of the millions of those at home and abroad that lost and gave so much to enable us to share and enjoy the freedom we have today. This was followed by the ringing of the ‘Cry for Peace’ from church bells.

    The day of remembrance was concluded at 20:18pm with the sounding of ‘Sunset’.

    Commemorations in Ireland

    The Irish contribution to VJ Day 75 was devised and planned by the Royal British Legion Republic of Ireland. Brian Duffy, Chairman of the Royal British Legion in the Republic of Ireland, said: ‘Many thousands of Irish men and women fought with the Allies in WW II, including in the Far East so it’s both wonderful and right that we here in Ireland contribute to the commemoration and celebration of VJ Day 75 being embraced by so many around the world’.

    Commemorations in Ireland centered around the Irish War Memorial Gardens Islandbridge, Dublin. At 06:00am piper Anthony Byrne of the Royal British Legion played from the Great Cross while a piper of the 2nd Battalion Royal Irish Regiment played at Hillsborough Castle in Northern Ireland.
    Following the two minute silence and Northern Ireland Chairman John Stewart recited the Kohima Epitaph, which in turn was followed by the ‘Cry for Peace Around the World’ by Ciaran Crone: ‘Éistigí! éistigí! éistigí’. The VJ 75 peal from Ireland’s National Cathedral of St. Patrick’s in Dublin commenced at 11.12am.

    Sunset at Islandbridge: Bugler Bill Powderly, Standard Bearer Geoff Barry and Chairman Brian Duffy. (Photograph by Wesley Bourke)

    That evening ‘Sunset’ was sounded by Bill Powderly.

  • Victory Over Japan

    Victory Over Japan

    Victory Over Japan

    75 years ago in the Summer of 1945, the war in the Pacific and Far East raged on. Offensive Japanese capability had all but been neutralised; an invasion of Japan was being planned. At Yalta the Allies discussed bringing the war to swiftly to an end. On 8 August, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, and soon after midnight on August 9, the Soviet Union invaded the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Soon after on the same day, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. These events pushed Emperor Hirohito to intervene; he ordered the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War to accept the terms of surrender the Allies had offered in the Potsdam Declaration for ending the war. On 10 August, Japan made an offer of surrender; the only condition being that the emperor be allowed to remain the nominal head of State. When news of this initial offer broke, cities, towns, and villages around the world took to the streets to celebrate.

    It took several days for the exact terms of the surrender to be agreed.After several more days of negotiations and a failed coup d’état, Emperor Hirohito gave a recorded radio address across the Empire on 15 August announcing the surrender of Imperial Japan; this day has since been commemorated as VJ Day. The Imperial War Museum footage in this showreel includes scenes from London’s celebrations, a parade through the streets of Hong Kong, and celebrations in Toronto, Canada.

    The formal surrender took place on 2 September, when representatives from the Empire of Japan signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender in Tokyo Bay aboard USS Missouri.

    2 September 1945, Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu signs the Instrument of Surrender on behalf of the Japanese Government, on board USS Missouri. (Photograph: the Army Signal Corps Collection in the U.S. National Archives)
  • USS Indianapolis Honoured

    USS Indianapolis Honoured

    USS Indianapolis Honoured

    by Declan Brennan

    Updated 2 August 2020

    In a virtual ceremony on 24 July, the United States Congress, awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, its highest honour, to all living and dead crew members of the USS Indianapolis (CL/CA-35); which was sunk by Japanese torpedoes 75 years ago on 30 July 1945. The ceremony was broadcast on Thursday 30 July at 11 a.m. EDT.

    A good portion of the crew were Irish American with the crew list dotted with surnames such as Sullivan, Kelly, Murphy, O’Donnell, Moran, Conway, Kennedy and many more. It is claimed the Captain, Charles Butler McVay was also of Irish descent.

    The USS Indianapolis (CA-35) off the Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California (USA), on 10 July 1945, after her final overhaul and repair of combat damage. (Photograph from the Bureau of Ships Collection in the U.S. National Archives.)

    The USS Indianapolis was a Portland-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy. Launched in 1931, the vessel served as the flagship for the commander of Scouting Force 1 for eight years, then as flagship for Admiral Raymond Spruance in 1943 and 1944 while he commanded the Fifth Fleet in the Central Pacific during World War II. In July 1945 the ship was engaged on a secret mission, delivering enriched uranium to the island of Tinian; the silver-grey metal was badly needed for the ‘Little Boy’ atomic bomb that would later be dropped on Hiroshima. On 30 July, four days after completing her mission she was attacked by Japanese submarine I-58; two torpedoes sank her in 12 minutes. The secrecy of the mission and the suddenness of the attack meant few life rafts could be deployed and the disaster was compounded by failures at various operational levels. For five days in the Philippine Sea, the survivors – many suffering burns – were stranded in open ocean with few lifeboats, no food or water, and dehydration. Many died from shark attacks.

    The ship became globally famous in the 1970’s when its story played a major role in one of the characters from the movie Jaws. In a famous scene during the movie Quint (Robert Shaw) sitting on the Orca drinking with Brody (Roy Scheider) and Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss) told them about his traumatic experience surviving the sinking of the Indianapolis, and bobbing in the sea for three days while his crew mates were picked off by sharks or drowned.

    Of the 1,196-man crew, 880 escaped the sinking ship into the water, just 321 men were rescued and only 317 ultimately survived the ordeal. It was and remains the worst naval disaster in United States history.

    On 19 August 2017, Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen led a team which found the USS Indianapolis. The exact location remains classified because it is an official war grave at sea and is the property of the U.S. government.

    The Gold Medal will be displayed at the Indiana War Memorial Museum in Indianapolis.

    In this July 10, 1945, photo provided by U.S. Navy media content operations, USS Indianapolis (CA 35) is shown off the Mare Island Navy Yard, in northern California, after her final overhaul and repair of combat damage. (U.S. Navy via AP)

    On this Day

    Lt Thomas Conway U.S. Navy Chaplain – USS Indianapolis

    Updated on 2 August 2020

    Father Thomas Conway, (Photo: Diocese of Buffalo Archives)

    Fr. Conway was born on 5 April 1908 and died 2 August 1945. He was the oldest of three children born to Irish immigrants, Thomas F. Conway and Margaret Conway (Meade) in Waterbury, Connecticut.

    Fr. Conway attended Lasalette Junior Seminary, in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1928, he enrolled at Niagara University (New York) and received an A.B. degree in 1930. On 8 June 1931, Conway enrolled in Our Lady of Angels Seminary, on the campus of Niagara University and on 26 May 1934, he was ordained to the priesthood for the diocese of Buffalo, New York, in St. Michael’s Cathedral, Springfield, Massachusetts.

    On 17 September 1942, Fr. Conway enlisted in the U.S. Navy; subsequently commissioned a chaplain. He served at naval stations along the East Coast and in 1943 was transferred to the Pacific. For several months he served on the USS Medusa and on 25 August 1944, Fr. Conway was assigned to the USS Indianapolis.

    The Chaplain was a popular member of the crew amongst all faiths and was kept busy with prayer and counselling services for the men.  The Indianapolis was sent on a secret mission to deliver components of the atomic bomb ‘Little Boy’ to the island of Tinian. After discharging its top-secret cargo, the ship left for Guam and then Leyte in the Philippines. It was to join the American invasion fleet bound for Japan. It was struck by two torpedoes from Japanese Submarine I-58. Over four days later when rescued there was only 316 crewmen left. Sharks killed many of the men. Fr. Conway stayed in the water for three days before he died. Survivors have credited Fr. Conway with directly saving 67 men’s lives.

    One survivor Frank J. Centazzo wrote: ‘Father Conway was in every way a messenger of our Lord. He loved his work no matter what the challenge. He was respected and loved by all his shipmates. I was in the group with Father Conway. … I saw him go from one small group to another. Getting the shipmates to join in prayer and asking them not to give up hope of being rescued. He kept working until he was exhausted. I remember on the third day late in the afternoon when he approached me and Paul McGiness. He was thrashing the water and Paul and I held him so he could rest a few hours. Later, he managed to get away from us and we never saw him again. Father Conway was successful in his mission to provide spiritual strength to all of us. He made us believe that we would be rescued. He gave us hope and the will to endure. His work was exhausting, he finally succumbed in the evening of the third day. He will be remembered by all of the survivors for all of his work while on board the ‘Indy’ and especially three days in the ocean.’

    Fr. M. Thomas Conway was the last chaplain to die in combat in World War II. He was awarded the Purple Heart posthumously. The city of Buffalo, New York was, and remains the location of veteran and citizen attempts to preserve the memory of the heroic, compassionate and selfless ministry of Fr. Conway. A park was named in his honour in the city.

    There is also a campaign by a veteran’s group in Waterbury with the support of some U.S. Senators to have Fr. Conway awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism in saving so many of his crewmates in the water.

    You can read a detailed account of this amazing Irish American’s life in Bill Milhomme’s blog post here.

  • The Emergency Air Corps

    The Emergency Air Corps

    Project – Dublin Port’s Emergency Story

    Photos by Ken Mooney

    Aviation historians Tony Kearns and Michael Whelan in the Air Corps Museum, Baldonnel.

    We had the pleasure today of meeting two of Ireland’s leading aviation historians – Corporal Michael Whelan (Museum Curator) and Tony Kearns (Volunteer historian) – at the Air Corps Museum, Casement Aerodrome. The Air Corps museum is a credit to the service. A dedicated team help record and preserve the military aviation heritage of Ireland. For our project on Dublin Port during the Emergency Michael and Tony took us through the story of the Air Corps during the period and the system in place with the Air Defence Command. During the period the Air Corps with limited resources patrolled Irish air space in order to deter belligerent aircraft and spot U-boat activity. Dublin port was key to Ireland’s survival The Defence Forces developed the Air Defence Command which used information from a network of observation and look out posts around the country. If a belligerent aircraft was spotted and flying over Irish air space the respective anti-aircraft and Air Corps units would be notified. In the early days of the Emergency the Air Corps only had three Gloster Gladiator biplane fighters. As Tony explained Gladiators were scrambled to intercept Luftwaffe aircraft but by the time, they were airborne the German aircraft were out of Irish airspace.

    The museum has several exhibits and artefacts from the period including an Avro Cadet, a Bofors L/60 antiaircraft gun, and wreckage from various aircraft. Although entering service after the Emergency the Avro XIX in the museum collection is similar in design to the Avro Anson used by the Air Corps during the war years. The story of the Avro Cadet is a remarkable one. Entering service with the Air Corps in 1932 it went on to serve during the Air Corps in various support roles. The Cadet in the museum was given to farmer after the Emergency. For 40 years it was laid up to be eventually restored in England and then sold to a collector in New Zealand. In 2007 the Irish State purchased the aircraft for the Air Corps museum.