Ireland's Military Story

Tag: World War II

  • United States Army and Navy Veteran – John Casey

    United States Army and Navy Veteran – John Casey

    United States Army and Navy Veteran – John Casey

    First published 27 October 2018

    Thank you to Michael Noone for the article and updated report on John.

    To mark United States Navy Day we would like to share the story of Irish American John Casey. A remarkable man with a remarkable story. John is one of the unknown tens of thousands of Irish Americans who have served in the United States military. In John’s case he served in both the U.S. Army and Navy. We are lucky to have John’s story as he has spent most of his life in Ireland, and is currently living in Roscommon.

    US Army and Navy veteran John Casey was born on the 3 August 1926 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, of Irish parents, James P. Casey and Mary F. O’Brien, who had emigrated to the Boston area sometime around the beginning of 1900. John had one brother, James, who was two-years older. Their father enlisted in the Army and served during the Great War. Still suffering from a gas inhaled during the war, he died in the mid-1930s and their mother took the two boys back to her family outside Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland until such time when they could return to the U.S. and the boys could take jobs.

    Their plans were interrupted by Germany’s Hitler when he declared war on Poland and World War II began in September 1939. All transatlantic passenger ship traffic came to a halt and the Casey family was stuck in Ireland. Ireland remained neutral and the family were informed by the U.S. Consulate in Dublin to wait and see if the U.S. could guarantee safe passage to the U.S. Germany did allow one passenger ship from Europe to the U.S., but that one ship was full of US citizens from mainland Europe only. In 1942 John’s brother James turned 18, which meant he was eligible to enlist. He joined the U.S. army in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He volunteered as a member of the first American Ranger Battalion, who were trained by the British Commandoes. The unit made history in North Africa, Sicily and the Anzio Beachhead in Italy where he was captured and became a POW.

    Following in his brother’s footsteps, John headed for Belfast two years later and enlisted in the American Army. He was sent to England without training and then to France. John remembers well the boat across the English Channel on 7/8 May. As they approached the harbor, the sky lit up. The men sank in dread the Germans had somehow launched a new offensive. As it turned out it was celebrations to mark the unconditional surrender of German forces. In France the new recruits were trained by staff member who came ashore on D-Day. John was then sent to the Bremen Enclave in Northern Germany until he accumulated enough points to return to the U.S. for discharge. John rose to the rank of Sergeant.

    In the U.S. John worked for the Boston Gas Company. He hated the job, hated the civilian life and decided to join the U.S. Navy under a four year enlistment. No boot camp training needed as he held the pay grade of an army corporal. John was sent to the Naval Air Technical Training Command in Memphis, Tennessee where he graduated as an engine specialist and transferred to Naval Air Station Quonset Point Rode Island. His job there was to conduct a “Yellow Sheet” inspection of repaired navy planes for the test pilots; part of which included warming up the engines. While at Quonset Point the Korean War broke out. President Truman immediately tacked on an extra year to John’s enlistment. He was transferred to Alameda California as a member of Ships Company on a “Jeep” aircraft carrier, the USS Bairoko CVE 115 which was brought back into service from the mothball fleet. After getting the ship ready to join the fleet, it was transferred to San Diego, her home port. Finally, with the carrier loaded with planes, marines and equipment for the fighting war with North Korea, she sailed to her overseas “home port” Yokosuka, Japan. John was assigned to the flight deck as a “Yellow Shirt” plane director and guided many pilots to the catapults for launching. When they returned from “in country” John was the fire “Yellow Shirt” to guide the pilots back aboard…….day or night. With an end to the conflict, the Bairoko’s cruise with the 7th Fleet was over and John’s five-year enlistment was coming to an end and John was discharged from the navy.

    John took advantage of the GI Bill and spent three years at a government approved school of broadcasting, televising and movie making. He wound up working in Hollywood studios as an assistant film editor for several first run movies and many TV series. John decided to return to Ireland to take care of his mother and set up a photography studio; he is proud of photographing over 900 weddings. After his mother passed away, he met and married a Margaret Leo from Tuam, Co. Galway. Sadly, she died after 18 years from Cancer. John then moved from Athlone to Grange, Co. Roscommon. John who is now 96, is still living comfortably in a nursing home.

    We would like to thank John’s niece Kathleen Cummings and the American Legion Post IR03 ‘Commodore John Barry’ for their help in this production.

    John Casey at his home in Roscommon.
  • USS Indianapolis Honoured

    USS Indianapolis Honoured

    USS Indianapolis Honoured

    by Declan Brennan

    Updated 2 August 2020

    In a virtual ceremony on 24 July, the United States Congress, awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, its highest honour, to all living and dead crew members of the USS Indianapolis (CL/CA-35); which was sunk by Japanese torpedoes 75 years ago on 30 July 1945. The ceremony was broadcast on Thursday 30 July at 11 a.m. EDT.

    A good portion of the crew were Irish American with the crew list dotted with surnames such as Sullivan, Kelly, Murphy, O’Donnell, Moran, Conway, Kennedy and many more. It is claimed the Captain, Charles Butler McVay was also of Irish descent.

    The USS Indianapolis (CA-35) off the Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California (USA), on 10 July 1945, after her final overhaul and repair of combat damage. (Photograph from the Bureau of Ships Collection in the U.S. National Archives.)

    The USS Indianapolis was a Portland-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy. Launched in 1931, the vessel served as the flagship for the commander of Scouting Force 1 for eight years, then as flagship for Admiral Raymond Spruance in 1943 and 1944 while he commanded the Fifth Fleet in the Central Pacific during World War II. In July 1945 the ship was engaged on a secret mission, delivering enriched uranium to the island of Tinian; the silver-grey metal was badly needed for the ‘Little Boy’ atomic bomb that would later be dropped on Hiroshima. On 30 July, four days after completing her mission she was attacked by Japanese submarine I-58; two torpedoes sank her in 12 minutes. The secrecy of the mission and the suddenness of the attack meant few life rafts could be deployed and the disaster was compounded by failures at various operational levels. For five days in the Philippine Sea, the survivors – many suffering burns – were stranded in open ocean with few lifeboats, no food or water, and dehydration. Many died from shark attacks.

    The ship became globally famous in the 1970’s when its story played a major role in one of the characters from the movie Jaws. In a famous scene during the movie Quint (Robert Shaw) sitting on the Orca drinking with Brody (Roy Scheider) and Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss) told them about his traumatic experience surviving the sinking of the Indianapolis, and bobbing in the sea for three days while his crew mates were picked off by sharks or drowned.

    Of the 1,196-man crew, 880 escaped the sinking ship into the water, just 321 men were rescued and only 317 ultimately survived the ordeal. It was and remains the worst naval disaster in United States history.

    On 19 August 2017, Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen led a team which found the USS Indianapolis. The exact location remains classified because it is an official war grave at sea and is the property of the U.S. government.

    The Gold Medal will be displayed at the Indiana War Memorial Museum in Indianapolis.

    In this July 10, 1945, photo provided by U.S. Navy media content operations, USS Indianapolis (CA 35) is shown off the Mare Island Navy Yard, in northern California, after her final overhaul and repair of combat damage. (U.S. Navy via AP)

    On this Day

    Lt Thomas Conway U.S. Navy Chaplain – USS Indianapolis

    Updated on 2 August 2020

    Father Thomas Conway, (Photo: Diocese of Buffalo Archives)

    Fr. Conway was born on 5 April 1908 and died 2 August 1945. He was the oldest of three children born to Irish immigrants, Thomas F. Conway and Margaret Conway (Meade) in Waterbury, Connecticut.

    Fr. Conway attended Lasalette Junior Seminary, in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1928, he enrolled at Niagara University (New York) and received an A.B. degree in 1930. On 8 June 1931, Conway enrolled in Our Lady of Angels Seminary, on the campus of Niagara University and on 26 May 1934, he was ordained to the priesthood for the diocese of Buffalo, New York, in St. Michael’s Cathedral, Springfield, Massachusetts.

    On 17 September 1942, Fr. Conway enlisted in the U.S. Navy; subsequently commissioned a chaplain. He served at naval stations along the East Coast and in 1943 was transferred to the Pacific. For several months he served on the USS Medusa and on 25 August 1944, Fr. Conway was assigned to the USS Indianapolis.

    The Chaplain was a popular member of the crew amongst all faiths and was kept busy with prayer and counselling services for the men.  The Indianapolis was sent on a secret mission to deliver components of the atomic bomb ‘Little Boy’ to the island of Tinian. After discharging its top-secret cargo, the ship left for Guam and then Leyte in the Philippines. It was to join the American invasion fleet bound for Japan. It was struck by two torpedoes from Japanese Submarine I-58. Over four days later when rescued there was only 316 crewmen left. Sharks killed many of the men. Fr. Conway stayed in the water for three days before he died. Survivors have credited Fr. Conway with directly saving 67 men’s lives.

    One survivor Frank J. Centazzo wrote: ‘Father Conway was in every way a messenger of our Lord. He loved his work no matter what the challenge. He was respected and loved by all his shipmates. I was in the group with Father Conway. … I saw him go from one small group to another. Getting the shipmates to join in prayer and asking them not to give up hope of being rescued. He kept working until he was exhausted. I remember on the third day late in the afternoon when he approached me and Paul McGiness. He was thrashing the water and Paul and I held him so he could rest a few hours. Later, he managed to get away from us and we never saw him again. Father Conway was successful in his mission to provide spiritual strength to all of us. He made us believe that we would be rescued. He gave us hope and the will to endure. His work was exhausting, he finally succumbed in the evening of the third day. He will be remembered by all of the survivors for all of his work while on board the ‘Indy’ and especially three days in the ocean.’

    Fr. M. Thomas Conway was the last chaplain to die in combat in World War II. He was awarded the Purple Heart posthumously. The city of Buffalo, New York was, and remains the location of veteran and citizen attempts to preserve the memory of the heroic, compassionate and selfless ministry of Fr. Conway. A park was named in his honour in the city.

    There is also a campaign by a veteran’s group in Waterbury with the support of some U.S. Senators to have Fr. Conway awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism in saving so many of his crewmates in the water.

    You can read a detailed account of this amazing Irish American’s life in Bill Milhomme’s blog post here.

  • Annual Ceremony of Remembrance and Wreath Laying  Irish National War Memorial Gardens

    Annual Ceremony of Remembrance and Wreath Laying Irish National War Memorial Gardens

    Annual Ceremony of Remembrance and Wreath Laying – Irish National War Memorial Gardens

    Photographs by Ken Mooney and Wesley Bourke

    The annual ceremony of commemoration and wreath-laying at the Irish National War Memorial Gardens at Islandbridge is arranged and led by the Royal British Legion Republic of Ireland District with the co-operation and assistance of the Irish State. This major Battle of the Somme anniversary event commemorates those who lost their lives in the two World Wars, in particular the estimated 60,000 Irish men and women from all parts of the Ireland who served and died in those conflicts. Representation from all parts and traditions of the Island of Ireland is a key feature.

    The ceremony commenced at 12.30 pm with a colourful parade of the standards of Royal British Legion, regimental, ex-services organisations and commemorative associations. This was followed by an ecumenical service of remembrance, recitals and music and the laying of official wreaths by government and civic leaders from Ireland and Northern Ireland, members of the Diplomatic Corps, Service and veterans’ representatives.

    Music was provided jointly by bands from the 1st Brigade of the Irish Defence Forces and the Royal Irish Regiment.

    Some special guests this year include: Lt. Gen. James Bashall (National President) & Mrs Bashall, Mr Charles Byrne Director General TRBL and Maj. Gen. David Jolliffe IEST.

  • A Wexford Man’s Plans for D-Day

    A Wexford Man’s Plans for D-Day

    A Wexford Man’s Plans for D-Day

    Pinnacle to the invasion’s success were combined operations. At the centre of these operations was an Wexford man – Captain Rickard Donovan

    By Declan Brennan

    Cover image: Personnel and equipment arriving at Normandy by air and sea following the D-Day invasion in 1944. (Photo: US National Archives and Records Administration, 26-G-2517.)

    Captain Rickard Donovan – Early Years and service in the Great War

    Rickard Donovan

    Rickard Donovan was born in 1898, at Ballymore near Ferns in County Wexford. At the age of 13, he was sent to the Royal Naval Colleges in Osborne and Dartmouth, England to qualify for a career in the Navy. At the start of the Great War, he was promoted to midshipman and was serving on HMS Ocean until it was hit by a mine and sunk in the Dardanelles in March 1915. Rickard was reassigned to HMS Agamemnon from April to June 1915, followed by HMS Exmouth until January 1917, and finally HMS Blenheim to August 1917. 

    He travelled home in May 1916 for his father’s funeral. At this stage he had been promoted to Sub Lieutenant. For the remainder of the war, he became interested in and trained as a submariner, a service which was still in its infancy and extremely dangerous due to the many leaks and hazardous fumes on board the vessels. He did so well in this area of service he was promoted to Lieutenant by 1919.

    Despite this promising start to his career, Rickard’s health was badly affected by his time aboard submarines and he contracted tuberculosis. By 1927, having reached the rank of Lieutenant Commander, the disease had progressed, he was invalided out of the Navy and granted a disability pension.

    Times were hard for Rickard during the inter-war years and he worked in many areas, engineering, shipbuilding, at one stage he was a door-to-door salesperson selling china in London.

    Rickard Donovan, extreme right, with fellow submariners.

    World War II

    At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, 41 year old Rickard reenlisted in the Armed Forces, and was assigned to Combined Operations which drew on the best practices and expertise available within the Royal Navy, the Army and the Royal Air Force to create a unified force. In the following years, Rickard was rapidly promoted, suggesting that he was highly regarded by his colleagues, comments in his service records show this to be true.

    Combined Operations

    A department of the British War Office set up during Second World War to harass the Germans on the European continent by means of raids carried out by use of combined naval and army forces. It comprised background staff whose job was to plan operations and to develop ideas and equipment to harass the enemy in any way possible. It also covered all those who worked with landing craft up to and including the landing ships that were used in the various amphibious operations. Among the projects undertaken by Combined Operations was the surveying of landing sites for invasions, including those of Sicily and Normandy. These were carried out by Combined Operations Pilotage Parties made up of members of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Corps of Royal Engineers and Special Boat Service. Combined operations were involved in many misinformation campaigns (fake news!) which took place preceding the D–Day landings.

    In 1942/43 Rickard was part of the Plans Division, In August 1943, he was promoted to Assistant Director of Plans with an Acting Rank of Captain. In December 1943 Rickard was again promoted to Deputy Director of Combined Operations, and in 1944 he was made Senior Deputy Director. Rickard was one of the small number of people responsible for working out the detailed plans necessary for Operation Overlord (D-Day), and for directing its course. It also appears that Rickard took the lead on most day-to-day activities in this period. Letters from Lord Mountbatten to Rickard are amongst the family memorabilia in Ballymore County Wexford.

    Churchill wrote to Mountbatten following his visit, with others, to the Normandy beaches on D Day + 6 (12 June 1944):

    “Today we visited the British and American Armies on the soil of France. We sailed through vast fleets of ships with landing-craft of many types pouring more men, vehicles and stores ashore. We saw clearly the manoeuvre in progress of rapid development. We have shared our secrets in common and helped each other all we could. We wish to tell you at this moment in your arduous campaign that we realise how much of this remarkable technique and therefore the success of the venture has its origin in developments effected by you and your staff of Combined Operations”.

    (Signed) Arnold, Brooke, Churchill, King, Marshall, Smut.

    Soldiers coming ashore at Normandy on D-Day. (Photo: US National Archives and Records Administration, 111-SC-320902.)

    Confirmation that Rickard was at the centre of many operations carried out by Combined Operations were included in his own service records from the end of the war in 1945. Captain Robert Ellis, Assistant Chief of Combined Operations, wrote of Rickard ‘It is my opinion that the successful expansion of our naval amphibious resources owes much more to his brilliant work than to any other single factor. I have been particularly struck by his loyalty and patience in difficult and disappointing circumstances, when these have arisen.” [TNA, ADM 196/120, ADM 196/146, quote from ADM 340/242]

    After D-Day he continued in Combined Operations turning his skills towards the campaign in South East Asia as Chairman of the Eastern Landing Craft Base Committee in 1945. In 1945 he received a CBE from the UK and a Legion of Merit from the USA in recognition of distinguished service to the Allied cause during the World War II.

    Rickard Donovan, right, receiving the Legion of Merit in 1946.

    Later Life

    Rickard Donovan retired from the Royal Navy in May 1946, medically unfit, he had suffered greatly with the untreatable TB throughout the war, contracted from his time spent serving on Submarines years earlier.

    Rickard Donovan died in London in 1952, at the age of 54. He was buried on the side of a hill overlooking the Irish sea, at the family farm in Ballymore, Co. Wexford. He always considered this as his home and visited regularly even during the height of WW2 to keep strong family ties with his mother and sisters.